Handleiding Multiplex PROFImc3010 (pagina 78 van 79) (Engels)

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Diffierential:

Term used

lor unequal

aileron

movements,

intended to

compensate

for the

negative"

roll effect,

otherwise

known

as adverse

yaw.

lf ailerons

move an

equal amount

up and down,

the

aileron

the outside of

the turn

produces

yawing

moment

in the opposite direction

to that

oJ the turn, due

to the

increase

drag;

an increased

rudder

movement

is then

required

counler

the

yaw.

This makes

for ditficult control

characteristics

and a

loss

ot efficiency,

which can be

very noticeable

in large span

model

gliders.

Unequal

aileron

mo/emenb

(much

more up movement

than do!\,n) can

reduce

this effect

greatly,

or even eliminate

it altogether.

The effect

of adverse

yaw

varies

from model to

model,

depending

on the aircraft's

geometry

and

wing sections.

For

this

reason it

always

necessary

to carry out

practical

tests.

As a

good

starting

point

we recommend

1000/o

ulmovement,

and 500/o-700lo

down-movement.

Some

helicopter

terms

Swashplate:

This comoonent

mixes and transfers

all control

move-

ments from the

fixed control

mechanisms to the

rotating

rotor blades.

Collective

pitch

variation:

Generally

known as collective

pitch,

or simply

"collec-

tive".

Variation

in the

pitch

angle

of all

rotor blades at

the

same

time, to control

lift.

It no change

is made to cyclic

pitch,

the

resultant

lift

force is coincident

with the

rotor

shaft.

Cyclic

pitch

variation:

Generally

known as

"cyclic

pitch",

or simply

"cyclic".

A variation

in rotor blade

pitch

which alters over

the

course

of one

rotation. The effective

result

is that the

olane

of the

rotor blades

is tilted, and the

resultant

lift

force

is no longer coincident

with the

rotor shaft.

lt is

used

lor:

Ditch-axis control:

The resultant

lift force of the

rotor is tilted

forward or

back

(when

viewed from behind

the model,

looking

for-

ward). Corresponds

to up-

and down-elevator

on a

Jixed-wing

aircraft.

roll-axis control:

The

resultant

lift force oJ the

rotor is tilted to

right or left.

Corresponds

to aileron

movement

on a

fixed-wing air-

craft.

Tail rotor:

Produces

a torce

which counteracts

the torque

of the

main

rotor

single-rotor

helicopters.

Used

for

yaw

con-

trol, corresponding

rudder control

fixed-wing air-

craft.

Gyro:

The

gyro

registers unwanted

yaw-movements,

and

sends

appropriate

corrective

signals

to the tail

rotor

control system.

every

control command

involving

the

main

rotor results

change

in main rotor torque,

the

gyro

is an

important aid to the

pilot.

Gyro suppression:

This system

reduces or entirely

suppresses

the effect

the

gyro,

that the

pilot

can

effect

last, intentional

movements around

the

yaw

axis.

Pitch^hrottle

curve:

ideal

helicopter the

rotor

speed

would remain con-

stant at

all motor

power

settings;

this is achieved

opening

and closing

the

throttle whenever

collective

Ditch

is increased or decreased.

The relationship

between

collective

pitch

and throttle

can be considered

in the

form of a

graph,

"curve";the

throttle

signal

derived

from the

collective

pitch

signal.

"3-Doint

curve":

Corner

points

for minimum collective,

hover collective

and

maximum collective

pitch.

"s-ooint

curve":

As above, but

wilh two additional

points

between

the

corner

points

mentioned above.

The s-point curve

allows the

rotor

power

requirements to be

matched

more accurately

to the

motor's

power

output character-

istics.

Throttle

pre-select (ldle-Up):

Throttle setting

for rotor

idle speed under

"no{oad"

conditions.

"Schlueter"

control system

A seoarate servo

is used

tor each

of the three

func-

tions

collective

pitch,

oitch-axis

and roll-axis.

Characteristic

feature: the

swashplate

cannot

move

axially; collective

pitch

controlled

by means

of a

oushrod

located

inside the

hollow

rotor shaft

Fig.71

"Heim"

control system:

The Junctions collective

oitch

and roll are

mixed

electronically

and

passed

to two servos.

These ser-

vos control

the swashplate

in the

"righVleft"

and

uo/down" directions.

The oitch-axis

function is

mechanically

de-coupled

Jrom collective

pitch.

separate

pitch-axis

servo

controls

the

pitch-axis

movement

of the swash-

Dlate.

Soecial

feature:

mechanF

cal

flare compensation

Dossible.

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